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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+352.8%
€143.53
vs €31.70 price
Levered DCF
-€102.86
After debt service
Piotroski score
4 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
1.22
Distress zone
Rating
B
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E9.87×4.98×4.32×6.2×24.33×-90.44×7.87×9.51×
P/B0.82×0.78×0.64×0.49×0.82×0.87×0.86×0.79×
P/S0.35×0.29×0.23×0.18×0.36×0.5×0.44×0.51×
EV / EBITDA6.85×2.81×4.6×5.54×8.38×8.31×5.09×6.11×
Gross margin19.1%21.3%19.7%17.0%18.1%15.3%19.6%19.2%
Operating margin5.5%8.9%8.0%6.8%5.9%0.4%7.0%5.8%
Net margin3.5%5.9%5.2%2.8%1.5%-0.5%5.6%5.4%
Current ratio0.94×0.98×0.94×0.84×0.82×0.93×1.01×1.25×
Debt / equity1.45×0.53×1.34×1.47×1.35×0.95×0.9×0.64×
Interest coverage3.7×4.8×4.24×5.99×5.23×0.36×7.19×6.18×
Dividend yield5.6%5.4%3.3%3.5%1.2%4.4%27.2%0.0%
Payout ratio54.9%26.7%14.3%21.9%29.5%-407.3%214.1%0.0%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity8.3%15.7%14.9%7.9%3.4%-1.0%10.9%8.3%
Return on invested capital3.5%7.4%6.0%4.5%3.2%0.2%4.3%3.1%
Return on assets2.3%4.3%4.0%2.0%0.8%-0.3%3.4%3.0%
Free cash flow yield-12.4%-2.9%3.5%-36.4%-0.6%6.0%-3.1%-7.6%
Earnings yield10.1%20.1%23.2%16.2%4.1%-1.1%12.7%10.5%
Enterprise value€39.5B€20.9B€31B€26.8B€27.3B€21.9B€22.5B€21B
Net debt / EBITDA4.21×0.93×3.03×4.07×4.98×4.02×2.39×2.27×
Cash conversion cycle (days)8894908796108113103