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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+33.8%
€7.67
vs €5.73 price
Levered DCF
€8.61
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
13.23
Safe zone
Rating
A+
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E12.86×10.64×17.18×13.16×14.88×12.1×21.61×17.88×
P/B1.89×1.73×1.82×2.36×2.62×2.74×2.79×2.41×
P/S5.38×5.53×7.12×6.21×6.51×6.11×10.49×8.76×
EV / EBITDA11.68×-315.79×15.12×12.09×10.95×11.18×19.7×17.08×
Gross margin96.9%94.4%47.8%74.8%77.7%74.2%78.1%77.9%
Operating margin41.8%40.9%41.4%47.5%55.0%51.3%48.5%47.5%
Net margin42.0%52.2%41.4%47.4%43.6%50.8%49.2%48.9%
Current ratio132.9×449.56×1.28×8.48×8.49×9.5×34.26×26.55×
Debt / equity0.02×0.02×0.03×0.04×0.03×0.01×0.02×0×
Interest coverage594.79×300.54×249.56×448.55×1,965.11×1,313.56×531.51×0×
Dividend yield6.3%6.3%8.6%6.2%6.0%4.5%6.4%6.6%
Payout ratio80.5%66.3%147.9%81.2%89.8%54.7%136.7%118.3%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity14.8%16.4%10.6%18.0%17.5%22.8%13.1%13.5%
Return on invested capital13.5%11.7%149.3%17.5%17.1%22.7%12.8%13.2%
Return on assets13.6%15.1%9.6%15.6%15.1%20.3%12.5%12.9%
Free cash flow yield0.0%7.4%7.0%6.4%8.1%5.8%6.9%6.4%
Earnings yield7.8%9.4%5.8%7.6%6.7%8.3%4.7%5.6%
Enterprise value€313.4M€278.5M€279.1M€372.9M€406.3M€414.5M€385.1M€345.5M
Net debt / EBITDA-0.28×6.45×-0.24×-0.28×-0.35×-0.21×-0.28×-0.34×
Cash conversion cycle (days)-8731-2,539-3,568-3,2914455-5,792