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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+79.6%
€84.42
vs €47.01 price
Levered DCF
€88.52
After debt service
Piotroski score
8 / 9
Strong
Altman Z-score
1.68
Distress zone
Rating
B-
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E29.95×20.1×14.42×16.68×149.74×-3.41×26.94×-137.44×
P/B3.14×2.44×2.32×1.51×2.27×2.51×1.66×1.69×
P/S2.38×2.19×1.81×1.45×3.38×4.79×2.8×3.26×
EV / EBITDA13.78×11.08×10.34×13.07×469.6×-7.4×12.7×19.03×
Gross margin52.9%48.9%50.5%43.0%27.3%11.3%41.4%20.5%
Operating margin15.4%14.0%15.4%10.6%-10.3%-41.0%13.2%15.4%
Net margin8.0%10.9%12.5%9.5%2.3%-140.5%10.4%-2.4%
Current ratio1.05×1.05×0.98×1.23×1.17×1.26×1.57×1.24×
Debt / equity1×0.74×0.86×1.07×1.39×1.57×0.54×0.64×
Interest coverage5.51×5.95×5.81×3.85×-2.01×-7.73×6.94×8.88×
Dividend yield2.4%2.4%3.3%0.2%0.0%0.0%2.5%2.9%
Payout ratio72.8%48.9%46.9%3.0%2.0%-0.1%66.8%-392.3%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity10.5%12.1%16.1%9.9%1.5%-73.6%6.2%-1.2%
Return on invested capital6.9%6.2%7.9%3.9%-2.6%-7.4%3.4%-1.0%
Return on assets3.8%5.1%5.6%3.4%0.5%-21.6%3.0%-0.6%
Free cash flow yield4.6%3.6%4.5%6.3%-4.6%-7.3%2.5%-3.9%
Earnings yield3.3%5.0%6.9%6.6%0.7%-29.3%3.7%-0.7%
Enterprise value€16.5B€14.8B€11.2B€8.8B€10.3B€10.1B€12.8B€11.9B
Net debt / EBITDA2.58×1.87×1.92×3.99×131.27×-1.74×1.41×1.93×
Cash conversion cycle (days)137-101666852011