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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
-57.5%
€11.72
vs €27.56 price
Levered DCF
€25.43
After debt service
Piotroski score
7 / 9
Strong
Altman Z-score
3.89
Safe zone
Rating
A-
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E16.77×15.3×15.06×19.55×-43.38×-168.28×17.76×15.26×
P/B3.88×3.58×3.23×2.62×3.41×3.47×3.99×3.38×
P/S5.69×5.12×4.88×4.2×8.55×9.69×5.74×4.84×
EV / EBITDA10.47×9.44×9.48×11.5×192.9×41.4×11.61×10.18×
Gross margin73.9%68.2%65.9%61.1%37.5%31.4%64.4%62.6%
Operating margin45.9%46.0%43.6%30.6%-6.2%-4.2%44.4%43.9%
Net margin34.0%33.4%32.3%21.5%-19.5%-5.8%32.4%31.5%
Current ratio1.89×1.26×1.27×1.48×0.99×1.2×0.36×0.74×
Debt / equity0.79×0.84×1.09×1.14×1.43×1.33×1.05×1.19×
Interest coverage11.29×9.39×9.05×13.6×-2.1×-1.07×21.55×18.92×
Dividend yield4.2%4.0%2.9%0.0%0.0%0.0%4.1%4.8%
Payout ratio70.1%61.2%44.4%0.0%0.0%0.0%72.1%73.4%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity23.2%23.4%21.4%13.4%-7.8%-2.1%22.5%22.0%
Return on invested capital12.8%12.9%10.0%6.6%-0.7%-0.5%10.8%10.0%
Return on assets11.7%11.4%9.3%5.7%-2.9%-0.8%9.7%8.9%
Free cash flow yield5.9%6.5%6.8%6.5%-1.9%-1.7%4.3%7.0%
Earnings yield6.0%6.5%6.6%5.1%-2.3%-0.6%5.6%6.5%
Enterprise value€41B€34.8B€30.6B€23.7B€28.1B€28.1B€32.1B€26.9B
Net debt / EBITDA1.34×1.4×1.85×2.95×49.86×10.14×2.36×2.47×
Cash conversion cycle (days)-152-7-643111-6-11