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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+23.0%
€42.76
vs €34.76 price
Levered DCF
€26.17
After debt service
Piotroski score
7 / 9
Strong
Altman Z-score
—
Rating
B-
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E26.19×35.4×25.48×32.66×62.9×78.83×58.44×51.74×
P/B1.74×3.1×3.43×4.77×8.95×6.75×6.69×5.04×
P/S1.66×3.06×3.55×5.05×9.02×7.23×6.41×5.09×
EV / EBITDA12.31×17.15×15.33×20.34×36.69×36.41×32.78×30.63×
Gross margin52.8%52.7%57.7%59.3%58.7%55.8%57.0%55.5%
Operating margin10.0%9.4%16.7%20.9%22.7%0.0%18.1%15.4%
Net margin6.3%8.7%13.9%15.4%14.3%9.2%10.9%9.9%
Current ratio2.35×2.13×3.4×3.32×3.58×4.34×3.84×4.47×
Debt / equity0.29×0.3×0.14×0.11×0.12×0.05×0.04×0.01×
Interest coverage8.39×-13.34×22.83×43.62×43.55×0×34.59×96.07×
Dividend yield1.4%1.6%1.3%0.8%0.3%0.6%0.5%0.8%
Payout ratio37.2%54.9%33.9%27.4%18.9%47.5%30.8%38.9%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity6.7%8.8%13.4%14.6%14.2%8.5%11.4%9.8%
Return on invested capital5.5%5.1%9.7%12.6%13.3%0.0%10.7%10.0%
Return on assets4.1%5.3%9.6%10.4%9.9%6.1%7.9%7.6%
Free cash flow yield4.6%1.5%1.8%1.1%2.0%1.4%1.8%2.3%
Earnings yield3.8%2.8%3.9%3.1%1.6%1.3%1.7%1.9%
Enterprise value€4.3B€6.9B€7.7B€9.8B€15B€9.7B€9.4B€6.5B
Net debt / EBITDA1.67×1.47×0.57×0.44×0.46×0.24×0.12×0.02×
Cash conversion cycle (days)248235342353363388338395