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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+200.5%
€227.03
vs €75.55 price
Levered DCF
€4.23
After debt service
Piotroski score
5 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
0.19
Distress zone
Rating
A-
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E6.56×7.71×7.57×7.54×10.08×7.18×10.35×9.56×
P/B1.19×1.11×0.97×1.01×0.71×0.71×0.9×0.82×
P/S1.24×1.01×0.92×1.56×0.66×0.71×0.72×0.7×
EV / EBITDA5.42×5.93×4.86×5.38×5.16×4.25×5.15×4.11×
Gross margin87.5%87.6%88.1%57.5%90.6%90.1%92.3%90.5%
Operating margin24.0%18.6%18.1%30.4%9.5%13.2%10.2%11.3%
Net margin18.9%13.2%12.1%22.4%6.5%9.9%6.9%7.3%
Current ratio0.95×0.42×2.69×59.85×79.1×76.43×95.74×91.01×
Debt / equity0.75×0.82×0.62×0.59×0.4×0.41×0.44×0.37×
Interest coverage7.54×5.51×5.19×9.73×9.77×12.99×13.52×13.38×
Dividend yield5.8%6.8%7.5%10.0%5.7%5.9%4.1%5.2%
Payout ratio38.4%52.2%56.7%69.7%57.4%42.5%42.5%49.8%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity18.1%14.4%12.8%14.5%7.1%9.9%8.7%8.6%
Return on invested capital4.9%1.4%1.2%1.3%0.8%1.0%0.9%0.8%
Return on assets1.6%1.1%1.0%1.1%0.8%1.0%0.9%0.8%
Free cash flow yield22.9%7.5%-1.6%-9.9%-14.2%-20.6%2.7%9.6%
Earnings yield15.2%13.0%13.2%14.4%9.9%13.9%9.7%10.5%
Enterprise value€15.3B€12.9B€9.9B€10.9B€11.3B€10.7B€11.3B€8.3B
Net debt / EBITDA1.43×1.97×1.33×1.62×1.28×0.99×0.53×0.28×
Cash conversion cycle (days)-138-122-203-76-217-256-163-88