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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+284.5%
€217.46
vs €56.55 price
Levered DCF
€67.29
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
1.63
Distress zone
Rating
B
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E62.83×16.31×19.11×6.55×7.22×23.49×14.68×8.09×
P/B0.65×0.73×1.07×0.85×1.48×1.38×1.37×1.15×
P/S0.43×0.58×0.81×0.54×0.98×0.91×0.83×0.65×
EV / EBITDA5.68×6.16×7.48×3.99×3.86×7.04×6.69×4.94×
Gross margin17.8%20.3%20.6%22.3%22.5%19.6%21.8%22.4%
Operating margin4.6%6.1%7.2%11.1%11.0%6.0%9.2%10.5%
Net margin0.7%3.7%4.2%8.4%13.8%4.2%6.2%8.0%
Current ratio2.13×2.01×2.34×1.98×2.7×2.57×1.98×2.45×
Debt / equity0.89×0.61×0.59×0.45×0.44×0.54×0.58×0.49×
Interest coverage3.36×19.53×9.73×29.25×21.43×8.17×13.66×15.47×
Dividend yield6.9%4.7%3.3%3.6%2.0%2.4%2.6%3.1%
Payout ratio431.7%73.7%62.9%23.0%14.6%50.6%35.0%24.9%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity1.0%4.7%5.6%13.2%20.8%6.4%10.3%14.2%
Return on invested capital1.3%3.0%3.7%8.6%7.9%3.3%6.7%9.3%
Return on assets0.4%2.3%2.8%7.1%10.6%3.1%4.9%7.0%
Free cash flow yield8.6%6.4%8.1%12.3%1.6%7.1%8.9%7.7%
Earnings yield1.6%6.4%5.2%15.5%14.0%4.6%7.5%12.4%
Enterprise value€7.1B€8B€9.9B€7.9B€9.8B€8.4B€8.8B€6.7B
Net debt / EBITDA2.53×1.95×1.68×0.84×0.19×1.02×1.23×0.74×
Cash conversion cycle (days)6867595663496660