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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+292.2%
€86.67
vs €22.10 price
Levered DCF
€138.61
After debt service
Piotroski score
4 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
1.3
Distress zone
Rating
A
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E13.01×12.83×14.6×15.3×20.75×17.31×13.11×10.89×
P/B1.32×1.51×2.29×2.33×3.45×3.22×2.33×1.79×
P/S0.93×1.03×1.32×1.23×1.96×1.76×1.33×0.95×
EV / EBITDA8.98×8.67×10.39×11.18×14.23×12.7×10.09×8.58×
Gross margin19.6%55.4%52.8%51.6%25.0%52.3%25.2%51.3%
Operating margin11.2%12.3%13.4%11.7%13.8%14.3%14.3%13.3%
Net margin7.0%7.8%9.0%8.0%9.4%10.1%10.1%8.7%
Current ratio1.36×1.52×1.55×1.51×1.63×1.35×1.6×1.56×
Debt / equity0.76×0.71×0.81×1.07×0.9×0.98×0.73×0.85×
Interest coverage6.94×8.43×11.07×12.2×22.06×21.2×16.63×16.41×
Dividend yield2.2%2.4%1.4%1.5%1.1%1.0%1.4%1.9%
Payout ratio28.7%31.1%20.7%23.3%22.1%17.1%18.8%21.1%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity9.9%11.4%15.7%15.2%16.6%18.6%17.7%16.4%
Return on invested capital6.8%7.8%10.1%8.2%9.7%10.2%11.4%10.2%
Return on assets4.9%5.7%7.3%6.3%7.3%7.9%8.6%7.3%
Free cash flow yield10.8%7.1%11.7%2.6%3.8%8.9%5.1%5.9%
Earnings yield7.5%7.6%6.8%6.5%4.8%5.8%7.6%9.2%
Enterprise value€533M€567.6M€709.7M€717.9M€792.9M€615.6M€440.7M€318.9M
Net debt / EBITDA2.87×2.4×2.27×3.13×2.15×2.24×2.08×2.45×
Cash conversion cycle (days)172216186219188188178205