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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
-62.9%
€70.43
vs €190.00 price
Levered DCF
€639.25
After debt service
Piotroski score
7 / 9
Strong
Altman Z-score
2.5
Grey zone
Rating
A
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E44.13×42.14×11.73×17.62×17.34×128.35×17.69×23.49×
P/B0.61×0.64×0.72×0.68×0.61×0.64×0.78×0.74×
P/S0.83×1.01×1.03×1.05×1.24×1.4×1.48×1.49×
EV / EBITDA9.07×10.38×5.98×7.57×3.55×9.65×4.09×5.99×
Gross margin41.1%43.3%7.0%7.0%2.4%0.9%4.9%3.7%
Operating margin3.5%1.7%8.5%8.8%7.0%3.7%7.8%7.8%
Net margin1.9%2.4%8.8%5.9%7.1%1.1%8.3%6.3%
Current ratio4.07×5.18×3.04×2.86×3.15×3.26×3.07×3.17×
Debt / equity0.06×0.04×0.03×0.03×0.02×0.04×0.06×0.06×
Interest coverage6.87×9.43×18×37.55×17.43×6.58×19.2×15.55×
Dividend yield2.9%2.8%1.9%1.6%1.3%1.0%1.0%1.0%
Payout ratio127.6%117.3%22.7%28.7%22.2%126.3%17.6%23.2%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity1.4%1.5%6.1%3.8%3.5%0.5%4.4%3.2%
Return on invested capital1.4%0.7%4.5%4.6%3.1%0.8%3.1%3.7%
Return on assets1.0%1.2%4.2%2.6%2.5%0.3%2.9%2.1%
Free cash flow yield7.9%-2.0%2.2%-3.5%-5.4%-0.0%0.1%10.3%
Earnings yield2.2%2.4%8.5%5.7%5.8%0.8%5.7%4.3%
Enterprise value€112.4M€123.8M€138.2M€116.7M€49.2M€85.5M€65.8M€61.8M
Net debt / EBITDA-1.43×-1.27×-0.75×-1.62×-5.51×-4.51×-5.43×-7.63×
Cash conversion cycle (days)230278285280303307241221