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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+145.2%
€26.72
vs €10.90 price
Levered DCF
€0.60
After debt service
Piotroski score
3 / 9
Weak
Altman Z-score
4.22
Safe zone
Rating
C-
Overall 1 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E15.82×14.09×11.88×10.98×13.31×13.76×14.03×11.31×
P/B4.72×4.7×4.7×4.34×5.31×5.51×5.75×4.96×
P/S0.96×0.93×0.87×0.88×1.23×1.45×1.57×1.3×
EV / EBITDA12.2×9.14×7.97×7.29×9.27×9.58×9.31×7.44×
Gross margin7.1%11.0%11.7%10.2%12.7%14.8%16.3%15.0%
Operating margin7.1%8.8%9.7%10.4%12.4%14.6%16.3%16.8%
Net margin6.0%6.6%7.3%8.0%9.2%10.5%11.2%11.6%
Current ratio1.47×1.86×1.57×1.8×1.65×1.88×1.76×2.18×
Debt / equity0.01×0×0.03×0.06×0.12×0.2×0.24×0.35×
Interest coverage1,666.96×4,751.34×647×1,228.43×1,494.32×1,066.55×588.67×386.01×
Dividend yield6.5%8.4%7.6%6.8%6.8%7.1%7.5%8.5%
Payout ratio102.0%118.0%90.8%75.3%90.9%98.2%105.3%95.9%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity29.9%33.4%39.5%39.5%39.9%40.1%40.9%43.9%
Return on invested capital24.5%26.2%36.5%29.6%34.6%33.1%32.8%30.1%
Return on assets11.6%13.5%15.7%15.0%16.2%17.6%16.0%18.1%
Free cash flow yield0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.3%0.3%0.2%0.0%
Earnings yield6.3%7.1%8.4%9.1%7.5%7.3%7.1%8.9%
Enterprise value€24.9M€23.4M€25.2M€21.9M€25.8M€26M€26.8M€23.6M
Net debt / EBITDA-0.28×-0.8×-0.55×-0.71×-0.25×-0.15×-0.24×-0.17×
Cash conversion cycle (days)13-12-12-11-833-0