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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+377.8%
€2,350.77
vs €492.00 price
Levered DCF
€2,702.91
After debt service
Piotroski score
8 / 9
Strong
Altman Z-score
4.24
Safe zone
Rating
A-
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E11.52×11.54×11.42×15.42×13.51×27.33×11.84×11.71×
P/B0.69×0.81×0.65×0.92×1.07×0.99×1.05×0.98×
P/S0.53×0.66×0.5×0.62×0.82×0.87×0.77×0.75×
EV / EBITDA3.04×3.8×3.36×5.35×4.37×6.52×4.91×3.46×
Gross margin6.7%52.2%49.5%45.1%53.1%52.2%51.0%51.3%
Operating margin6.0%6.9%5.6%5.4%8.4%5.0%9.2%8.9%
Net margin4.6%5.7%4.4%4.0%6.1%3.2%6.5%6.4%
Current ratio3.4×3.04×3.26×3.3×3.09×3.26×3.27×4.03×
Debt / equity0.26×0.29×0.29×0.21×0.18×0.21×0.23×0.04×
Interest coverage12.76×10.94×12.74×56.08×80.77×32.21×57.82×1,124.6×
Dividend yield2.6%2.3%3.0%2.2%2.0%0.0%1.8%2.2%
Payout ratio29.7%26.5%34.4%34.3%26.8%0.0%21.8%26.3%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity6.0%7.0%5.7%6.0%7.9%3.6%8.9%8.4%
Return on invested capital4.4%4.8%4.1%4.7%6.7%3.3%7.3%7.7%
Return on assets4.1%4.6%3.8%4.2%5.6%2.5%6.1%6.6%
Free cash flow yield14.5%17.2%23.5%-4.6%19.1%5.6%-2.7%4.5%
Earnings yield8.7%8.7%8.8%6.5%7.4%3.7%8.4%8.5%
Enterprise value€57.5M€77.5M€56.7M€89.1M€85.5M€89M€97.9M€53.5M
Net debt / EBITDA-1.55×-0.98×-1.05×-0.74×-1.46×-0.72×-0.25×-2.66×
Cash conversion cycle (days)106151147160127199179121