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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+19.1%
€10.95
vs €9.20 price
Levered DCF
€5.03
After debt service
Piotroski score
4 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
1.85
Grey zone
Rating
B
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E18.96×10.29×7.31×7.76×10.88×11.54×11.38×25.54×
P/B0.98×0.95×1.01×1.5×2.83×2.1×1.67×2.08×
P/S1.17×0.97×0.85×1.03×1.72×1.4×1.08×1.4×
EV / EBITDA6.16×3.77×2.89×3.83×5.88×5.49×5.1×9.09×
Gross margin15.5%51.6%49.0%24.7%29.8%28.4%53.8%50.6%
Operating margin8.0%13.0%15.5%17.5%21.8%18.0%14.0%8.8%
Net margin6.1%9.5%11.7%13.2%15.9%12.2%9.5%5.4%
Current ratio3.45×3.52×3.47×3.26×2.55×2.18×2.19×2.16×
Debt / equity0.35×0.3×0.37×0.37×0.28×0.22×0.21×0.28×
Interest coverage10.86×31.85×60.9×130.14×161.86×89.65×41×21.37×
Dividend yield7.9%8.0%7.6%5.5%1.7%2.8%4.1%3.6%
Payout ratio149.5%81.6%55.5%43.1%17.9%32.7%46.8%91.5%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity5.2%9.2%13.8%19.3%26.1%18.2%14.7%8.1%
Return on invested capital3.8%6.9%9.9%13.7%19.9%16.6%12.5%7.2%
Return on assets3.4%6.3%8.8%12.0%15.9%11.5%9.5%5.2%
Free cash flow yield-3.2%-0.8%7.7%3.3%7.9%8.3%13.2%4.1%
Earnings yield5.3%9.8%13.7%12.9%9.2%8.7%8.8%3.9%
Enterprise value€99.6M€85.2M€81.7M€132.9M€240.6M€142.1M€100.7M€127.8M
Net debt / EBITDA-0.89×-1.22×-1.29×-0.93×-0.9×-0.75×-0.54×-0.04×
Cash conversion cycle (days)106105757050598189