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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
-92.3%
€0.46
vs €6.00 price
Levered DCF
€1.86
After debt service
Piotroski score
5 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
3.72
Safe zone
Rating
B+
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E14×13.55×11.56×197.59×24.75×123.2×50.57×127.27×
P/B2.72×2.38×1.83×1.81×1.84×1.68×2.89×2.13×
P/S1.85×1.36×0.99×1.22×1.17×1.06×1.66×1.3×
EV / EBITDA8.19×7.56×8.37×17.5×10.55×16.17×24.93×21.79×
Gross margin38.7%36.1%33.7%39.2%35.4%30.1%29.6%35.6%
Operating margin12.4%10.6%10.0%0.1%4.1%2.3%2.7%0.0%
Net margin13.0%10.0%8.7%0.6%4.7%0.9%3.3%1.0%
Current ratio1.59×1.58×1.65×1.63×2.28×2.55×1.55×1.63×
Debt / equity0.06×0.17×0.28×0.43×0.46×0.48×0.03×0.02×
Interest coverage146.88×118.38×78.7×0.35×26.38×57.58×61.27×1.2×
Dividend yield2.3%2.6%2.7%3.1%1.7%2.0%1.9%2.6%
Payout ratio32.0%35.6%30.9%611.0%43.0%242.7%94.7%326.2%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity19.2%17.5%16.0%0.9%7.4%1.4%5.7%1.7%
Return on invested capital16.9%14.8%13.6%0.0%3.7%2.4%4.4%-0.1%
Return on assets9.5%8.3%7.0%0.4%3.6%0.6%2.9%0.9%
Free cash flow yield3.9%4.0%15.6%7.0%-3.7%-16.6%8.7%-8.9%
Earnings yield7.0%7.4%8.7%0.5%4.0%0.8%2.0%0.8%
Enterprise value€68.6M€51.3M€35.1M€36.1M€39.7M€33.1M€50.2M€38.3M
Net debt / EBITDA-0.68×-0.69×-0.9×0.98×0.89×0.54×-2.67×-1.45×
Cash conversion cycle (days)334274260431276275232311