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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+66.4%
€730.82
vs €439.20 price
Levered DCF
€1,921.20
After debt service
Piotroski score
8 / 9
Strong
Altman Z-score
-0.56
Distress zone
Rating
B+
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E13.65×11.75×11.42×12.9×13.01×12.18×11.56×10.04×
P/B2.34×1.91×1.64×1.49×1.07×1.03×1.24×1.22×
P/S1.07×0.84×0.8×1.02×0.72×0.74×0.81×0.73×
EV / EBITDA7.93×6.71×6×7.33×7.58×7.92×7.51×6.94×
Gross margin81.9%80.6%79.7%68.5%82.5%82.6%82.4%82.1%
Operating margin11.2%10.2%9.7%12.1%8.0%8.6%9.8%10.1%
Net margin7.8%7.3%7.1%8.0%5.6%6.1%7.0%7.2%
Current ratio0.04×0.06×0.38×0.66×51.69×66.4×65.85×65.7×
Debt / equity0.46×0.5×0.35×0.66×0.44×0.44×0.46×0.53×
Interest coverage20.4×18.39×18.35×6.72×8.21×9.61×9.99×10.05×
Dividend yield4.0%5.0%4.7%5.4%4.6%4.8%4.1%4.6%
Payout ratio55.0%57.9%53.2%68.3%59.8%58.1%47.6%45.9%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity17.2%16.5%14.6%11.8%8.3%8.4%10.7%12.2%
Return on invested capital5.4%4.5%1.0%1.1%0.5%0.5%0.7%0.7%
Return on assets1.1%1.0%0.9%0.7%0.6%0.6%0.8%0.8%
Free cash flow yield21.4%26.3%23.3%20.1%27.8%36.9%38.4%32.4%
Earnings yield7.3%8.6%8.9%7.9%7.7%8.2%8.7%10.0%
Enterprise value€145.9B€113.6B€86.9B€97.3B€100.1B€101.8B€107.1B€90.4B
Net debt / EBITDA-0.07×-0.08×-0.62×1.2×1.12×1.47×1.1×1.19×
Cash conversion cycle (days)743424-113-130-180-170-162