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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+317.4%
€47.06
vs €11.28 price
Levered DCF
€36.00
After debt service
Piotroski score
8 / 9
Strong
Altman Z-score
1.53
Distress zone
Rating
B
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E32.74×38.23×45.39×34.75×67.74×75.6×52.29×30.22×
P/B3.03×4.87×6.41×6.01×11.52×9.51×8.18×5.13×
P/S1.26×2.32×3.12×2.94×5.47×4.89×3.28×2.24×
EV / EBITDA8.62×12.57×16.07×14.71×25.35×23.63×18.63×17.25×
Gross margin8.8%56.6%24.3%55.5%56.9%55.5%53.8%47.5%
Operating margin8.5%10.7%11.7%13.2%12.6%10.8%10.2%11.3%
Net margin3.8%6.0%6.9%8.4%8.1%6.5%6.3%7.4%
Current ratio0.59×0.62×0.53×0.56×0.73×1.25×0.67×0.85×
Debt / equity1.82×1.5×1.38×1.45×1.74×1.95×1.92×1.53×
Interest coverage3.43×4.45×5.95×9.08×8.89×5.92×6.83×11.15×
Dividend yield2.2%1.2%0.9%0.9%0.5%0.0%0.5%0.8%
Payout ratio71.5%45.1%42.1%32.6%31.3%0.0%28.5%24.0%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity9.1%12.6%14.1%17.2%17.1%12.6%15.6%16.9%
Return on invested capital4.6%5.9%6.6%7.1%6.3%4.5%5.4%6.2%
Return on assets2.3%3.6%4.2%5.0%4.5%3.1%3.8%4.5%
Free cash flow yield9.8%6.5%3.9%5.5%3.3%4.3%4.0%3.4%
Earnings yield3.0%2.6%2.2%2.9%1.5%1.3%1.9%3.3%
Enterprise value€4.5B€7B€8.4B€7.6B€12B€8.6B€6.9B€3.9B
Net debt / EBITDA2.87×2.56×2.54×2.58×2.83×2.78×3.24×3.65×
Cash conversion cycle (days)4-53-5-52-31-114-11