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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
-626.1%
-€1,089.02
vs €207.00 price
Levered DCF
-€933.27
After debt service
Piotroski score
7 / 9
Strong
Altman Z-score
1.13
Distress zone
Rating
C
Overall 2 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E12.61×14.04×13.48×15.28×27.65×16.44×14.52×12.53×
P/B2.15×1.23×1.46×1.92×2.13×1.87×1.49×1.25×
P/S0.5×0.31×0.43×0.84×1.13×0.98×0.71×0.55×
EV / EBITDA6.46×5.56×6.1×8.27×9.01×8.52×7.38×5.79×
Gross margin53.8%63.2%67.9%69.5%76.9%68.8%72.1%77.8%
Operating margin8.5%6.9%7.3%11.9%10.2%9.7%10.9%10.1%
Net margin4.0%2.2%3.2%5.5%4.1%6.0%4.9%4.4%
Current ratio1.19×1×1.08×1.05×1.05×0.93×0.98×0.89×
Debt / equity2.89×2.61×2.24×1.62×1.6×2.16×2.24×1.9×
Interest coverage2.56×2×2.45×5.19×3.53×2.44×2.95×2.22×
Dividend yield3.5%5.6%3.4%2.4%2.3%1.7%3.8%4.2%
Payout ratio43.6%78.9%45.7%36.6%64.4%27.3%54.5%52.4%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity17.1%8.8%10.8%12.6%7.7%11.4%10.3%10.0%
Return on invested capital5.6%4.5%4.4%5.7%4.0%3.9%4.3%4.8%
Return on assets2.2%1.2%1.7%2.7%1.7%2.1%2.0%2.2%
Free cash flow yield3.7%-8.3%-16.4%-5.8%-4.1%1.0%-11.8%-0.2%
Earnings yield7.9%7.1%7.4%6.5%3.6%6.1%6.9%8.0%
Enterprise value€18.4B€14.2B€14.8B€15B€13.7B€11.3B€10.6B€8.6B
Net debt / EBITDA2.89×3.25×3.09×3.07×2.99×3.73×3.83×3.04×
Cash conversion cycle (days)-15-154-17236-1394028-109