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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
-22.2%
€71.77
vs €92.20 price
Levered DCF
€60.87
After debt service
Piotroski score
5 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
15.73
Safe zone
Rating
A-
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E37.96×39.93×45.44×57.05×88.93×71.17×42.21×27.5×
P/B18.89×22.68×26.29×23.21×43.63×38.8×22.97×10.74×
P/S9.7×10.65×10.76×9.72×17.78×14.6×7.99×4.89×
EV / EBITDA24.03×25.61×28.15×31.49×54.76×41.77×25.11×15.9×
Gross margin76.6%77.1%77.1%72.6%73.0%72.4%70.3%70.5%
Operating margin36.0%37.2%34.3%27.0%28.1%30.4%27.0%27.0%
Net margin25.6%26.6%23.7%17.0%19.9%20.6%19.0%17.9%
Current ratio2.75×2.37×2.34×2.48×2.56×2.73×2.54×2.93×
Debt / equity0.07×0.08×0.14×0.21×0.27×0.32×0.46×0×
Interest coverage151.3×522.28×325.95×186.4×247.26×80.44×151.01×10.2×
Dividend yield1.8%1.5%1.4%1.3%0.8%0.8%2.8%1.5%
Payout ratio70.0%59.0%62.9%74.7%68.7%57.2%117.5%41.5%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity49.8%56.8%57.8%40.6%48.9%54.7%54.5%39.3%
Return on invested capital40.2%45.8%45.5%32.6%33.3%35.8%30.5%33.9%
Return on assets30.2%31.7%31.3%21.4%23.7%26.1%23.3%23.8%
Free cash flow yield2.5%3.2%3.1%2.3%1.5%1.8%2.6%3.5%
Earnings yield2.6%2.5%2.2%1.8%1.1%1.4%2.4%3.7%
Enterprise value€1.8B€1.7B€1.6B€1.1B€1.7B€1.2B€564.6M€284.9M
Net debt / EBITDA-1.16×-1.12×-1×-0.48×-0.31×-0.44×-0.27×-1.19×
Cash conversion cycle (days)6201230292426