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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+144.0%
€114.27
vs €46.84 price
Levered DCF
€73.61
After debt service
Piotroski score
7 / 9
Strong
Altman Z-score
2.85
Grey zone
Rating
B+
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E15.25×21.78×27.27×24.97×22.52×128.76×148.43×-33.42×
P/B3.06×4.29×4.1×3.3×3.7×2.79×1.99×0.95×
P/S0.65×1.06×0.87×0.81×1.12×0.73×0.53×0.27×
EV / EBITDA7.98×11.11×10.88×12.54×11.25×11.53×10.61×11.93×
Gross margin17.0%17.9%16.3%16.3%16.8%17.0%16.7%17.1%
Operating margin6.5%7.8%5.7%5.3%6.7%2.4%5.1%3.0%
Net margin4.3%4.9%3.2%3.3%5.0%0.6%0.4%-0.8%
Current ratio1.03×1.22×1.2×1.12×1.22×1.33×1.17×1.19×
Debt / equity1.09×0.91×1.09×1.29×0.51×0.9×0.98×0.62×
Interest coverage3.73×5.89×3.31×7.5×10.25×2.71×4.16×2.66×
Dividend yield2.8%1.4%1.5%3.5%0.8%0.1%1.0%1.6%
Payout ratio42.8%31.3%41.4%88.4%18.7%18.5%154.6%-53.5%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity20.1%19.7%15.1%13.2%16.4%2.2%1.3%-2.8%
Return on invested capital10.1%11.2%8.6%6.0%10.3%1.1%2.5%-32.6%
Return on assets5.7%6.2%4.2%3.4%6.1%0.7%0.4%-1.0%
Free cash flow yield11.7%5.8%6.2%7.4%7.8%16.7%9.2%16.3%
Earnings yield6.6%4.6%3.7%4.0%4.4%0.8%0.7%-3.0%
Enterprise value€4B€6.1B€5.3B€4.3B€4B€2.8B€2.4B€1.3B
Net debt / EBITDA1.62×1.39×1.85×3.03×0.56×1.46×2.63×3.59×
Cash conversion cycle (days)2377718882814198