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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+175.7%
€2.84
vs €1.03 price
Levered DCF
€2.05
After debt service
Piotroski score
5 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
2.42
Grey zone
Rating
A
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E14.3×4.98×4.23×8.15×2.27×-5.62×7.25×23.49×
P/B1.96×0.72×0.52×0.75×0.98×1.07×1.09×1.58×
P/S1×0.32×0.23×0.29×0.36×0.28×0.22×0.25×
EV / EBITDA10.06×4.68×4.98×6.09×3.4×45.2×5.64×9.1×
Gross margin47.7%51.2%52.3%53.7%52.0%43.0%49.8%50.8%
Operating margin10.0%13.8%10.8%9.5%22.0%-2.1%8.0%6.0%
Net margin7.1%6.5%5.5%3.6%15.7%-5.1%3.0%1.1%
Current ratio1.39×1.18×1.59×1.6×0.96×0.81×0.85×0.93×
Debt / equity0.91×1.28×1.52×1.79×2.23×3.17×2.76×3.28×
Interest coverage2.98×2.96×1.9×2.23×4.8×-0.45×2.35×0×
Dividend yield0.7%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%
Payout ratio9.8%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity14.0%14.4%12.4%9.2%42.5%-19.0%15.1%6.7%
Return on invested capital7.9%9.6%8.1%5.3%14.7%-1.9%5.9%2.2%
Return on assets5.3%4.7%3.5%2.3%9.6%-3.3%2.7%1.0%
Free cash flow yield7.1%34.1%13.2%7.7%53.2%11.5%20.6%8.3%
Earnings yield7.1%20.1%23.7%12.3%43.6%-17.8%13.8%4.3%
Enterprise value€28M€14.7M€12.9M€14.7M€15.8M€17M€17.1M€18.8M
Net debt / EBITDA2.21×2.45×3.28×3.77×1.98×30.53×3.62×5.36×
Cash conversion cycle (days)12460741844633424