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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+102.0%
€20.80
vs €10.30 price
Levered DCF
€15.57
After debt service
Piotroski score
5 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
2.75
Grey zone
Rating
A-
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E12.25×8.11×8.96×10.13×9.74×19.15×10.09×10.22×
P/B1.59×1.19×1.34×1.47×1.1×1.15×1.62×1.41×
P/S1.01×0.75×0.81×0.88×0.91×1.06×1.11×1.15×
EV / EBITDA5.63×4.47×5.4×6.63×5.11×7.6×6.7×6.82×
Gross margin27.0%64.8%62.3%63.7%66.0%68.8%65.9%64.7%
Operating margin13.4%13.0%12.0%12.2%12.1%8.9%13.3%12.8%
Net margin8.2%9.3%9.0%8.7%9.3%5.5%11.0%11.2%
Current ratio1.89×1.77×1.63×1.57×2.02×2.12×1.79×2.11×
Debt / equity0.14×0.23×0.37×0.45×0.14×0.22×0.26×0.02×
Interest coverage21.84×13.73×10.41×18.79×39.3×25.86×61.23×94.19×
Dividend yield4.4%5.8%2.9%17.1%3.9%0.0%18.3%2.4%
Payout ratio54.1%47.0%26.0%172.8%37.7%0.0%184.6%24.6%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity13.0%14.7%15.0%14.5%11.3%6.0%16.1%13.8%
Return on invested capital12.5%12.0%10.4%9.8%9.6%5.0%12.5%13.8%
Return on assets8.4%8.9%8.1%7.1%7.6%3.9%9.8%10.2%
Free cash flow yield11.2%22.3%7.0%9.4%13.3%8.0%11.9%6.0%
Earnings yield8.2%12.4%11.2%9.9%10.3%5.2%9.9%9.8%
Enterprise value€211.2M€160.1M€183.7M€185.9M€117.3M€123.1M€173M€150.8M
Net debt / EBITDA-0.02×0.28×0.84×1.26×-0.37×0.1×0.41×-0.4×
Cash conversion cycle (days)123146180138127216133202