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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
-91.2%
€4.67
vs €53.27 price
Levered DCF
€11.21
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
2.42
Grey zone
Rating
A
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E24.41×29.28×195.12×-66.27×10.28×-42.03×22.6×11.86×
P/B1.19×1.07×1.23×1.06×1.39×1.76×1.49×1.47×
P/S0.66×0.62×0.63×0.48×0.72×1×1.04×0.93×
EV / EBITDA8.81×9.06×9.91×10.54×6.27×10.73×10.34×8.82×
Gross margin23.9%24.6%24.1%24.1%24.8%25.5%27.2%28.7%
Operating margin4.3%5.5%5.0%7.7%8.8%5.6%6.8%9.2%
Net margin2.7%2.1%0.3%-0.7%7.0%-2.4%4.6%7.8%
Current ratio1.93×1.83×1.98×1.83×1.75×1.83×1.87×1.85×
Debt / equity0.74×0.67×0.61×0.53×0.47×0.63×0.49×0.57×
Interest coverage3.12×3.69×3.64×10.55×12.67×5.29×5.57×7.46×
Dividend yield5.3%8.0%7.0%7.3%5.3%5.1%4.8%5.1%
Payout ratio128.8%233.8%1348.4%-490.0%54.9%-213.8%107.4%60.5%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity4.9%3.6%0.6%-1.6%13.5%-4.2%6.6%12.4%
Return on invested capital2.5%3.5%1.4%-3.2%7.9%4.6%4.2%6.6%
Return on assets2.1%1.6%0.3%-0.7%6.3%-1.8%3.1%5.5%
Free cash flow yield3.4%2.0%6.2%8.0%6.5%3.8%5.9%7.3%
Earnings yield4.1%3.4%0.5%-1.5%9.7%-2.4%4.4%8.4%
Enterprise value€61.4B€59.1B€62.3B€60.3B€73.3B€76.3B€79.8B€74.9B
Net debt / EBITDA3.12×3.23×2.98×3.22×1.41×2.37×2.33×2.25×
Cash conversion cycle (days)115126115106106107117132