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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+23.7%
€49.67
vs €40.15 price
Levered DCF
€40.56
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
2.61
Grey zone
Rating
B
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E28.5×7.34×9.79×7.59×5.52×11.41×36.3×33.97×
P/B0.93×0.78×1.18×0.97×1.13×1.06×1.04×0.97×
P/S0.52×0.44×0.58×0.41×0.46×0.41×0.35×0.31×
EV / EBITDA7.25×4.6×5.66×5.04×3.9×5.31×6.92×7.53×
Gross margin16.0%16.6%16.3%16.0%18.6%16.2%13.5%13.6%
Operating margin7.8%7.5%7.7%6.3%10.6%6.8%5.0%4.9%
Net margin1.8%6.0%5.9%5.4%8.3%3.6%1.0%0.9%
Current ratio1.62×1.72×1.91×1.66×1.76×1.55×1.61×1.18×
Debt / equity0.35×0.36×0.43×0.59×0.61×1.11×1.12×1.17×
Interest coverage8.98×8.07×8.2×8.87×11.24×4.33×3.18×2.42×
Dividend yield5.2%5.4%3.6%4.2%2.5%1.3%2.6%4.6%
Payout ratio147.7%39.4%34.8%32.2%14.1%14.7%95.7%156.3%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity3.3%10.6%12.1%12.8%20.5%9.3%2.9%2.8%
Return on invested capital5.2%6.9%8.4%6.8%11.4%5.5%1.7%0.3%
Return on assets1.8%5.7%6.2%5.5%8.3%3.1%0.9%0.9%
Free cash flow yield17.9%8.7%10.0%9.3%9.9%24.9%25.6%4.6%
Earnings yield3.5%13.6%10.2%13.2%18.1%8.8%2.8%2.9%
Enterprise value€2.1B€2.1B€2.8B€2.5B€2.7B€2.2B€2.5B€2.6B
Net debt / EBITDA0.65×0.67×0.55×1×0.73×1.61×2.84×3.59×
Cash conversion cycle (days)7887768477748298