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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
-80.1%
€29.96
vs €150.85 price
Levered DCF
€26.49
After debt service
Piotroski score
7 / 9
Strong
Altman Z-score
14.35
Safe zone
Rating
B+
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E80.57×57.27×59.45×18.67×20.28×27.24×30.77×11×
P/B25.42×20.82×24.93×7.14×9.24×9.68×8.4×4.02×
P/S17.9×17.18×18.15×6.21×7.64×8.29×7.04×2.85×
EV / EBITDA51.94×47.45×43.4×13.96×16.81×21.47×22.55×8.21×
Gross margin63.3%65.2%64.9%61.3%59.6%59.6%55.8%56.8%
Operating margin29.3%32.2%36.9%40.7%42.4%34.6%25.8%32.9%
Net margin22.3%30.0%30.6%33.3%37.7%30.5%22.8%25.9%
Current ratio5.55×5.98×5.02×6.51×4.99×7.44×6.35×5.98×
Debt / equity1.27×1.09×0.76×0.55×0.5×1.1×0.97×0.74×
Interest coverage9.06×27.66×18.29×24.1×28.97×12.62×9.03×17.68×
Dividend yield1.6%1.6%2.1%6.0%2.3%2.0%4.9%11.6%
Payout ratio131.3%94.3%125.4%112.0%45.8%55.6%150.5%127.7%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity31.6%36.3%42.0%38.3%45.6%35.6%27.2%36.6%
Return on invested capital15.4%17.6%23.7%25.8%30.8%17.7%15.0%22.5%
Return on assets11.8%14.7%19.8%21.2%24.7%14.5%11.7%17.6%
Free cash flow yield1.5%1.6%1.7%5.4%4.4%3.9%4.2%11.1%
Earnings yield1.2%1.7%1.7%5.4%4.9%3.7%3.2%9.1%
Enterprise value€10.7B€10.6B€10.6B€4.3B€5.6B€3.6B€2.5B€1.5B
Net debt / EBITDA0.76×0.9×0.53×-0.48×-0.42×0.2×0.1×-0.11×
Cash conversion cycle (days)20721118214611298127120