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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+275.0%
€222.36
vs €59.30 price
Levered DCF
€117.05
After debt service
Piotroski score
5 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
0.95
Distress zone
Rating
A-
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E14.63×11.87×11.76×17.24×13.79×11.45×12.32×11.79×
P/B4.45×3.5×3.16×3.44×4.03×2.65×3.65×2.9×
P/S3.95×3.92×3.66×4.8×5.46×4.38×4.98×3.96×
EV / EBITDA14.27×7.48×12.51×14.17×7.03×6.89×8.12×4.1×
Gross margin99.8%87.3%87.6%97.1%98.9%99.1%98.7%98.8%
Operating margin34.7%43.7%42.3%42.1%48.1%48.4%48.3%40.8%
Net margin27.0%33.1%31.1%27.9%39.6%38.3%40.4%33.5%
Current ratio0.78×0.13×4.74×0.08×0.14×0.11×0.1×0.2×
Debt / equity1.44×0.31×1.59×2.25×0.35×0.29×0.36×0.3×
Interest coverage4.63×3.44×3.42×14.5×44.21×55.9×36.78×34.09×
Dividend yield4.9%5.0%5.5%5.7%6.4%0.1%4.3%6.8%
Payout ratio72.2%58.7%64.5%98.1%88.3%0.8%53.2%80.8%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity30.4%29.5%26.9%19.9%29.2%23.2%29.7%24.5%
Return on invested capital2.4%11.4%1.9%8.8%-86.3%10.4%16.1%13.0%
Return on assets2.4%2.6%2.1%1.2%2.0%2.1%2.3%1.9%
Free cash flow yield7.6%8.2%7.5%-16.7%26.0%2.0%-10.3%28.5%
Earnings yield6.8%8.4%8.5%5.8%7.2%8.8%8.1%8.5%
Enterprise value€8.2B€4.3B€6.1B€5.1B€3B€2.6B€2.9B€939M
Net debt / EBITDA2.94×-1.5×4.57×3.94×-3.38×-1.38×-1.31×-5.2×
Cash conversion cycle (days)-3,574-43429-20,779-83,363-1,157-871-1,654