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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+48.1%
€92.95
vs €62.76 price
Levered DCF
€94.91
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
2.94
Grey zone
Rating
B+
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E27.08×15.6×17.59×10.4×27.44×20.97×16.05×12.84×
P/B1.66×1.77×2.92×1.94×3.14×2.76×2.13×1.8×
P/S0.47×0.52×0.75×0.47×0.85×0.83×0.58×0.47×
EV / EBITDA8.32×8.25×9.56×6.54×13.88×11.11×9.36×8.68×
Gross margin12.9%24.8%23.9%22.2%23.5%23.5%21.4%20.7%
Operating margin4.8%5.6%6.7%7.1%5.2%6.1%5.6%5.7%
Net margin1.7%3.3%4.3%4.6%3.1%4.0%3.6%3.7%
Current ratio1.92×1.46×1.53×1.83×1.41×1.69×1.82×1.84×
Debt / equity0.76×0.71×0.56×0.62×0.68×0.57×0.72×0.64×
Interest coverage5.32×6.67×9.74×14.11×12.39×10.66×8.13×8.76×
Dividend yield4.2%3.6%2.4%2.4%1.7%2.0%2.5%2.9%
Payout ratio114.6%56.5%42.6%25.3%46.5%41.4%39.7%36.9%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity6.1%11.3%16.6%18.7%11.5%13.1%13.3%14.1%
Return on invested capital4.7%7.4%10.6%11.9%7.1%8.5%7.8%9.0%
Return on assets2.4%4.6%6.9%7.8%4.4%5.7%5.4%6.0%
Free cash flow yield9.4%6.7%10.7%7.5%1.5%10.4%9.0%3.3%
Earnings yield3.7%6.4%5.7%9.6%3.6%4.8%6.2%7.8%
Enterprise value€9.6B€11B€14.4B€11.1B€14.3B€11.1B€9.5B€7.6B
Net debt / EBITDA2.13×1.96×1.21×1.11×1.91×1.3×1.98×1.95×
Cash conversion cycle (days)5356495765545-1