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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
-49.4%
€1.91
vs €3.77 price
Levered DCF
€2.12
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
5.73
Safe zone
Rating
B+
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E39.92×118.8×60.86×4.5×2.38×22.53×48.02×43.32×
P/B0.59×0.66×0.71×0.66×0.74×1.09×1.25×1.1×
P/S4.85×5.4×1.19×1.12×0.87×0.59×0.46×0.44×
EV / EBITDA-68.87×-75.43×16.91×44.36×13.47×12.07×6.97×5.07×
Gross margin-0.4%4.9%31.1%6.3%2.0%2.8%6.0%32.4%
Operating margin-7.2%0.3%5.6%6.0%1.7%3.4%5.7%5.6%
Net margin11.9%58.2%2.0%24.9%36.4%2.6%1.0%1.0%
Current ratio6.93×4.62×1.02×1.48×1.1×0.69×0.82×1.1×
Debt / equity0.01×0.02×0.46×0.33×0.51×1.47×1.54×1.11×
Interest coverage-13.15×0.15×2.49×3.17×1.11×1.61×3.75×4.06×
Dividend yield1.6%1.2%1.0%1.1%1.2%1.8%1.2%1.4%
Payout ratio64.1%10.9%63.4%5.2%2.9%41.3%56.9%61.3%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity1.4%7.2%1.2%14.6%31.1%4.7%2.6%2.5%
Return on invested capital-0.8%0.0%1.0%1.7%0.0%0.6%3.2%2.1%
Return on assets1.4%6.6%0.4%5.9%10.5%0.7%0.4%0.4%
Free cash flow yield2.1%0.7%5.9%7.5%5.2%15.3%9.7%14.1%
Earnings yield2.5%10.8%1.6%22.2%42.0%4.3%2.1%2.3%
Enterprise value€9.1B€12.1B€21.2B€15.2B€19.8B€21B€22.5B€15.7B
Net debt / EBITDA37.96×29.6×3.9×-0.32×3.65×6.39×3.43×1.77×
Cash conversion cycle (days)1837-39151495316