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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+20.8%
€35.26
vs €29.20 price
Levered DCF
€33.20
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
3.21
Safe zone
Rating
B+
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E20.59×23.29×20.6×23.89×31.38×77.71×28.02×23.42×
P/B7.08×6.7×5.35×5.98×8.03×7.89×8.14×8.09×
P/S1.87×2.12×1.77×1.97×2.64×2.12×2.02×1.62×
EV / EBITDA11.14×11.92×10.25×11.27×14.53×15.4×12.34×11.76×
Gross margin23.9%72.1%29.9%22.6%22.4%19.3%23.7%21.1%
Operating margin14.5%15.0%14.0%13.8%14.2%9.9%13.7%13.3%
Net margin9.1%9.1%8.6%8.3%8.4%2.7%7.2%6.9%
Current ratio1.5×1.33×1.67×1.54×1.76×1.55×1.69×1.45×
Debt / equity1.8×1.46×1.31×1.64×1.76×2.7×2.93×3.29×
Interest coverage9.17×8.07×7.39×8.22×8.24×3.87×6.42×7.42×
Dividend yield3.6%3.1%3.8%2.5%1.4%0.3%0.9%3.6%
Payout ratio73.1%71.5%78.7%60.2%44.2%25.4%26.5%83.5%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity34.4%28.9%26.0%25.1%25.7%10.1%29.1%34.7%
Return on invested capital12.6%12.0%11.4%9.8%9.6%4.6%8.3%9.7%
Return on assets8.3%7.9%7.6%6.6%6.2%1.9%5.2%5.5%
Free cash flow yield6.8%6.5%6.4%5.9%4.5%6.4%6.0%7.1%
Earnings yield4.9%4.3%4.9%4.2%3.2%1.3%3.6%4.3%
Enterprise value€13.8B€14.9B€11.7B€12.5B€14.6B€11.5B€12.5B€9.9B
Net debt / EBITDA1.38×1.34×1.19×1.24×1.46×2.34×2.2×2.51×
Cash conversion cycle (days)6-178775965617071