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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+118.9%
€92.17
vs €42.10 price
Levered DCF
€68.79
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
4.61
Safe zone
Rating
A+
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E10.22×6.92×5.28×7.32×6.73×7.17×11.94×8.12×
P/B1.33×0.99×0.91×0.68×0.83×1.11×1.25×0.99×
P/S2.08×1.51×1.18×0.84×1.06×1.24×1.43×1.08×
EV / EBITDA5.46×4.04×3.28×3.7×3.95×4.15×6.46×5.19×
Gross margin43.2%44.9%43.6%37.3%38.3%41.1%39.8%38.3%
Operating margin19.8%23.2%22.7%12.4%15.8%16.2%14.5%12.2%
Net margin20.4%21.8%22.3%11.5%15.7%17.4%12.0%13.3%
Current ratio4.58×3.49×3.2×2.32×3.33×3.23×3.68×1.81×
Debt / equity0.06×0.09×0.12×0.26×0.28×0.37×0.37×0.4×
Interest coverage22.8×20.58×28.51×11.08×13.23×14.13×8.19×5.89×
Dividend yield1.3%1.7%1.6%2.2%5.3%0.8%0.6%0.9%
Payout ratio13.8%11.8%8.6%16.0%35.4%5.7%6.9%7.4%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity13.0%14.3%17.2%9.4%12.4%15.6%10.5%12.2%
Return on invested capital8.5%10.8%11.8%5.5%7.3%7.2%6.3%5.5%
Return on assets10.3%10.8%12.7%6.1%7.8%8.8%6.0%6.7%
Free cash flow yield5.2%7.4%10.2%3.8%10.3%9.0%6.9%3.7%
Earnings yield9.8%14.4%19.0%13.7%14.9%14.0%8.4%12.3%
Enterprise value€8.5B€5.7B€4.7B€3.3B€3.7B€4.1B€5.1B€3.9B
Net debt / EBITDA-0.62×-0.57×-0.31×-0.05×0.01×0.1×0.67×1.09×
Cash conversion cycle (days)1481381131138998100106