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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+35.7%
€3.76
vs €2.77 price
Levered DCF
€3.65
After debt service
Piotroski score
7 / 9
Strong
Altman Z-score
5.07
Safe zone
Rating
A
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E9.9×12.94×10.15×7.23×19.58×58.33×20.16×27.17×
P/B1.55×1.97×1.17×0.81×1.09×0.98×1.3×1.11×
P/S1.37×1.74×1.34×0.98×2×2.83×2.37×2.48×
EV / EBITDA8.62×10.81×9.07×7.24×16.17×36.21×16.41×19.32×
Gross margin22.1%21.7%22.1%21.7%19.8%16.3%19.6%20.5%
Operating margin17.8%17.4%17.0%16.7%13.8%9.3%15.6%15.8%
Net margin14.0%13.3%12.8%13.1%10.2%4.9%11.8%9.1%
Current ratio5.12×8.2×8.88×10.82×6.4×16.81×18.41×10.45×
Debt / equity0.28×0.25×0.24×0.24×0.19×0.27×0.2×0.26×
Interest coverage10.68×9.94×8.03×10.68×7.17×2.53×7.18×4.3×
Dividend yield4.1%3.0%4.7%6.7%2.4%0.0%2.0%0.0%
Payout ratio39.8%39.0%49.2%49.7%46.1%0.0%40.1%0.0%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity15.9%15.1%11.2%10.9%5.6%1.7%6.5%4.1%
Return on invested capital13.3%13.4%10.3%9.7%5.4%2.2%6.2%4.6%
Return on assets10.2%10.8%8.2%8.0%4.3%1.2%5.1%3.0%
Free cash flow yield4.2%8.7%11.6%14.1%10.3%-5.5%9.9%4.7%
Earnings yield10.2%7.7%9.6%13.4%5.1%1.7%5.0%3.7%
Enterprise value€1.5B€1.7B€1B€766.3M€957.4M€906.1M€1.1B€968M
Net debt / EBITDA1.03×1.05×1.34×1.48×1.86×6.76×1.4×2.68×
Cash conversion cycle (days)5745136807221,0101,6109621,254