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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
-99.0%
€1.70
vs €172.00 price
Levered DCF
€705.72
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
6.42
Safe zone
Rating
S-
Overall 5 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E5.56×8.15×7.91×4.35×4.24×12.9×5.43×6.94×
P/B2.31×2.09×1.56×1.15×1.19×1.01×1.23×1.37×
P/S0.41×0.5×0.34×0.22×0.25×0.22×0.23×0.19×
EV / EBITDA4.04×4.66×4.52×3.63×3.07×6.06×3.36×4.28×
Gross margin12.3%12.9%20.8%17.4%22.9%18.3%17.8%16.3%
Operating margin8.8%8.1%5.8%6.4%8.4%2.2%3.2%3.9%
Net margin7.4%6.1%4.2%5.0%6.0%1.7%4.2%2.8%
Current ratio2.18×2.03×2.08×1.73×1.72×2.05×2.58×1.7×
Debt / equity0.11×0.22×0.27×0.46×0.26×0.29×0.13×0.31×
Interest coverage39.58×10.84×10.23×19.33×55.19×5.3×10.43×11.88×
Dividend yield2.2%2.5%3.6%6.2%1.9%7.5%4.4%2.2%
Payout ratio12.1%20.6%28.1%27.1%7.9%97.5%24.1%15.4%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity41.5%25.7%19.7%26.5%28.2%7.8%22.6%19.7%
Return on invested capital30.2%19.1%14.4%17.7%22.8%5.7%12.0%14.2%
Return on assets23.2%14.2%10.9%12.4%14.6%4.3%13.9%9.5%
Free cash flow yield9.3%9.6%12.2%-8.0%-3.0%-14.6%21.3%26.2%
Earnings yield18.0%12.3%12.6%23.0%23.6%7.7%18.4%14.4%
Enterprise value€312.8M€197.5M€123.3M€93.4M€69.5M€46.1M€45.4M€49.6M
Net debt / EBITDA-0.03×0.38×0.56×0.96×0.54×1.33×0.14×0.78×
Cash conversion cycle (days)5072848482766230