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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
-33.0%
€36.33
vs €54.20 price
Levered DCF
€40.71
After debt service
Piotroski score
5 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
5.81
Safe zone
Rating
A-
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E18.9×12.63×10.41×9.64×12.62×16.4×18.33×18.56×
P/B7.52×5.24×4.11×4.22×6.33×5.17×7.62×7.76×
P/S2.74×1.93×1.66×1.43×2×1.87×1.87×2.02×
EV / EBITDA8.39×7.18×6.15×5.58×7.24×7.99×8.97×10.51×
Gross margin42.1%88.4%88.0%87.1%87.6%87.6%88.2%88.3%
Operating margin27.3%21.2%22.2%20.9%22.8%16.7%14.7%15.5%
Net margin13.9%15.3%16.0%14.9%15.9%11.4%10.3%10.8%
Current ratio0.96×0.95×1.28×1.09×1.08×0.97×0.4×0.69×
Debt / equity0.63×0.65×0.52×0.71×0.94×1.23×1.75×0.47×
Interest coverage36.05×45.75×87.49×99.07×86.03×38.33×30.96×103.47×
Dividend yield3.2%5.1%3.5%6.0%5.0%0.0%4.1%3.5%
Payout ratio62.8%64.4%36.3%58.2%63.3%0.0%73.9%66.2%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity38.2%41.5%39.5%43.8%50.2%31.3%41.8%41.5%
Return on invested capital29.5%23.7%25.7%25.9%25.7%14.1%15.5%27.9%
Return on assets17.0%19.0%20.1%19.7%20.5%11.5%12.6%21.2%
Free cash flow yield5.6%7.1%9.4%13.8%10.5%10.3%7.0%3.4%
Earnings yield5.1%7.9%9.6%10.4%7.9%6.1%5.5%5.4%
Enterprise value€890.7M€561.2M€413.5M€313.1M€387.4M€273.9M€282.8M€230.5M
Net debt / EBITDA0.6×0.68×0.58×0.51×0.78×1.28×1.58×0.44×
Cash conversion cycle (days)-47-74-170-187-181-192-165-167