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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+50.7%
€1,193.23
vs €792.00 price
Levered DCF
€1,119.85
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
5.44
Safe zone
Rating
C+
Overall 2 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E18.41×19.7×23.24×22.99×31.45×41.38×40.2×23.47×
P/B3.16×3.21×3.72×4.66×4.13×4.39×4.68×2.97×
P/S2.26×2.2×2.4×2.75×3.72×3.89×3.85×2.32×
EV / EBITDA11.86×11.77×14.42×16.76×18.74×22.7×22.4×14.14×
Gross margin17.4%56.4%54.3%53.1%16.8%15.2%14.4%53.9%
Operating margin16.4%15.5%15.5%14.5%15.4%13.2%13.2%13.1%
Net margin12.3%11.2%10.3%10.8%11.8%9.4%9.6%9.9%
Current ratio3.09×3.11×3.47×3.3×3.33×4.03×3.69×3.64×
Debt / equity0.39×0.49×0.7×0.72×0.21×0.18×0.22×0.27×
Interest coverage16.7×11.04×12.12×33.12×93.4×71.07×48.69×75.24×
Dividend yield1.1%1.0%1.3%1.0%0.6%0.6%0.6%1.0%
Payout ratio20.3%19.7%29.8%24.3%18.1%22.8%24.4%23.2%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity17.2%16.3%16.0%18.3%13.1%10.6%11.6%12.6%
Return on invested capital11.7%10.7%10.1%10.5%10.5%8.9%9.0%9.6%
Return on assets10.3%8.9%8.0%9.0%9.2%7.6%8.1%8.4%
Free cash flow yield3.5%4.2%4.9%1.2%2.9%4.1%2.2%2.8%
Earnings yield5.4%5.1%4.3%3.9%3.2%2.4%2.5%4.3%
Enterprise value€2B€1.9B€1.9B€2.1B€2.2B€2B€2.1B€1.2B
Net debt / EBITDA0.54×0.69×1.38×1.35×-0.66×-0.71×-0.11×0.07×
Cash conversion cycle (days)169261274280180178114311