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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+142.1%
€8.93
vs €3.69 price
Levered DCF
€7.69
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
1.16
Distress zone
Rating
A+
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E7.43×8.71×10.46×8.02×8.32×8.9×10.64×12.26×
P/B0.51×0.52×0.6×0.6×0.65×0.67×0.75×0.66×
P/S2.32×1.91×1.72×1.75×1.7×1.4×1.38×1.55×
EV / EBITDA9.83×10.93×11.12×10.36×13.35×13.61×13.77×18.56×
Gross margin57.4%36.3%46.2%49.0%45.4%41.3%38.7%41.4%
Operating margin42.3%35.6%28.0%35.5%25.6%22.1%16.7%19.4%
Net margin31.2%21.9%16.6%19.4%18.3%13.7%10.9%12.4%
Current ratio1.62×2.3×2.32×2.95×3.24×2.89×2.17×2.6×
Debt / equity0.63×0.67×0.74×0.82×0.95×1.07×1.21×1.33×
Interest coverage4.57×4.07×4.1×5.59×3.87×0×2.68×3.19×
Dividend yield6.6%6.8%5.9%6.0%5.7%1.7%4.8%5.3%
Payout ratio49.0%59.1%61.0%53.8%52.4%17.8%61.0%66.2%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity6.8%5.9%5.8%6.7%7.0%6.6%6.0%5.3%
Return on invested capital3.7%3.9%3.9%4.8%3.5%3.5%2.7%2.5%
Return on assets3.6%3.1%2.9%3.2%3.2%2.8%2.3%2.0%
Free cash flow yield12.1%22.6%18.2%35.8%12.1%16.1%21.4%-1.9%
Earnings yield13.4%11.4%9.7%11.1%10.8%9.8%7.9%8.0%
Enterprise value€271.5M€265.2M€289.8M€303.8M€331.1M€331.5M€353.8M€375.6M
Net debt / EBITDA5.2×5.68×5.53×5.46×7.48×7.65×7.84×12.05×
Cash conversion cycle (days)814413389751745526594673