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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
-67.3%
€1.69
vs €5.18 price
Levered DCF
€11.48
After debt service
Piotroski score
5 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
0.73
Distress zone
Rating
A
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E9.77×9.77×-3.39×400.67×8.97×1,708.51×6.97×6.96×
P/B0.57×0.53×0.7×0.52×0.71×0.75×1.04×0.76×
P/S7.94×5.95×8.93×8.83×13.43×11.75×16.27×10.48×
EV / EBITDA17.76×15.87×-7.52×66.56×15×32.45×54.08×64.14×
Gross margin82.0%81.6%87.8%84.9%83.9%84.7%100.0%100.0%
Operating margin75.0%86.8%-289.0%35.5%212.9%75.2%313.4%79.1%
Net margin81.3%61.2%-263.1%2.2%149.6%0.7%233.2%150.7%
Current ratio0.28×0.48×1.03×1.11×0.51×0×0×0×
Debt / equity0.87×0.88×1.07×0.88×0.82×0.9×0.87×0.99×
Interest coverage3.2×4.1×-11.19×1.68×24.94×0×0×10.34×
Dividend yield7.1%6.0%4.1%5.3%3.3%2.5%1.8%2.1%
Payout ratio69.8%58.6%-14.1%2111.5%29.3%4254.3%12.3%14.8%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity5.9%5.4%-20.6%0.1%7.9%0.0%14.9%10.9%
Return on invested capital2.6%3.6%-9.3%1.0%5.4%46.8%174.3%2.3%
Return on assets2.8%2.5%-8.6%0.1%3.7%0.0%6.6%4.6%
Free cash flow yield5.4%12.1%7.4%7.8%6.2%2.0%3.9%0.8%
Earnings yield10.2%10.3%-29.5%0.2%11.1%0.1%14.3%14.4%
Enterprise value€8.3B€7.4B€8.3B€8.5B€9B€8.7B€10.4B€8.3B
Net debt / EBITDA10.56×9.5×-4.39×41.45×7.89×17.24×24.12×36.08×
Cash conversion cycle (days)-412-3184033211625013032