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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+215.1%
€853.83
vs €271.00 price
Levered DCF
€761.67
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
2.3
Grey zone
Rating
A
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E12.26×-5.35×-16.58×5.07×7.84×38.55×10.29×-38.59×
P/B0.88×0.74×0.77×0.85×0.99×1.11×1.29×1.41×
P/S1.36×1.16×1.52×2.04×2.28×2.88×2.69×2.85×
EV / EBITDA5.58×-25.53×13.24×3.73×7.08×27.06×12.11×14.17×
Gross margin53.6%40.5%56.0%36.0%43.3%36.1%42.4%43.7%
Operating margin22.1%-5.2%10.8%15.3%26.3%1.8%17.0%20.2%
Net margin11.1%-21.6%-9.2%40.3%29.1%7.5%26.1%-7.4%
Current ratio3.16×2.15×2.04×1.74×3.32×1.66×2.29×2.61×
Debt / equity0.27×0.23×0.16×0.29×0.38×0.47×0.33×0.18×
Interest coverage11.13×-8.45×12.67×6.66×14.8×1.11×11.63×14.66×
Dividend yield2.9%3.6%2.9%4.8%2.3%2.4%2.0%2.0%
Payout ratio35.7%-19.3%-47.7%24.5%18.4%91.2%20.7%-77.7%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity7.2%-13.8%-4.7%16.8%12.7%2.9%12.6%-3.6%
Return on invested capital7.4%-2.5%4.5%5.0%7.4%0.5%5.7%8.6%
Return on assets4.9%-9.6%-3.5%11.7%8.2%1.8%8.5%-2.7%
Free cash flow yield10.1%6.0%7.2%6.6%10.9%4.2%4.9%6.1%
Earnings yield8.2%-18.6%-6.0%19.7%12.8%2.6%9.7%-2.6%
Enterprise value€532.7M€448.4M€513.3M€583M€713.4M€739.4M€769.1M€664.7M
Net debt / EBITDA0.72×-4.23×1.34×0.23×1.54×6.81×1.94×0.64×
Cash conversion cycle (days)1041045978781047957