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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+107.5%
€13.90
vs €6.70 price
Levered DCF
€14.56
After debt service
Piotroski score
5 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
2.91
Grey zone
Rating
A-
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E15.74×15.48×13.64×11.78×20.14×24.17×20.18×15.52×
P/B1.17×1.44×1.71×1.74×2.52×2.81×2.95×2.57×
P/S1.02×1.14×1.23×1.14×1.79×2.08×1.92×1.57×
EV / EBITDA6.65×7.99×8×7.82×10.96×14.11×13×9.93×
Gross margin54.6%52.8%51.5%51.3%49.6%50.9%49.6%50.6%
Operating margin9.6%10.6%12.7%11.3%11.2%11.6%11.5%13.1%
Net margin6.5%7.4%9.0%9.6%8.9%8.7%9.6%10.1%
Current ratio3.09×81.51×1.92×2.18×2.34×2.46×2.01×1.88×
Debt / equity0.19×0.37×0.44×0.32×0.26×0.33×0.36×0.34×
Interest coverage14.06×7.55×12.73×26.54×44.62×32.18×58.6×24.98×
Dividend yield4.8%3.6%3.2%3.3%2.4%1.6%2.4%3.2%
Payout ratio76.5%55.3%43.4%39.2%48.0%38.3%47.9%49.6%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity7.4%9.4%12.5%14.8%12.5%11.7%14.7%16.6%
Return on invested capital6.4%6.8%8.8%10.7%9.0%8.8%9.7%10.9%
Return on assets4.6%6.5%6.3%7.8%6.9%6.4%7.5%8.0%
Free cash flow yield20.2%7.4%-5.5%0.1%7.7%4.9%1.9%0.2%
Earnings yield6.3%6.5%7.3%8.5%5.0%4.2%5.0%6.5%
Enterprise value€955.1M€1.3B€1.5B€1.3B€1.5B€1.7B€1.7B€1.3B
Net debt / EBITDA0.53×1.24×1.32×0.78×0.34×0.94×1.26×1.03×
Cash conversion cycle (days)348373353250244338328321