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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
-26.6%
€19.99
vs €27.22 price
Levered DCF
€42.07
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
3.22
Safe zone
Rating
A-
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E14.4×6.57×15.76×20.81×31.16×37.22×63.91×26.3×
P/B1.45×1.63×1.8×3×4.41×5.26×3.13×2.76×
P/S0.85×0.98×0.91×1.29×2.28×2.75×1.69×1.6×
EV / EBITDA7.41×9.71×12.64×13.99×21.88×18.86×10.42×12.46×
Gross margin26.4%24.8%22.5%22.4%25.1%28.0%31.5%28.8%
Operating margin9.2%6.0%6.1%7.6%7.7%10.6%6.3%9.8%
Net margin5.9%14.9%5.8%6.2%7.3%7.4%2.6%6.1%
Current ratio1.89×1.17×0.99×1.1×1.57×1.65×1.07×1.34×
Debt / equity0.65×0.66×1.23×1.21×0.91×0.65×0.66×0.48×
Interest coverage7.66×3.87×2.86×7.01×7.13×8.33×6.07×9.88×
Dividend yield3.5%3.3%2.9%1.8%1.4%1.2%2.0%2.3%
Payout ratio49.7%21.8%45.4%36.7%42.1%45.1%127.5%60.6%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity10.1%24.9%11.5%14.4%14.1%14.2%4.9%10.4%
Return on invested capital7.6%4.3%5.0%5.9%6.6%9.5%3.7%9.7%
Return on assets5.3%12.4%4.3%5.2%5.8%6.7%2.3%5.6%
Free cash flow yield8.6%7.9%1.4%-9.7%-5.0%0.9%2.4%2.7%
Earnings yield6.9%15.2%6.4%4.8%3.2%2.7%1.6%3.8%
Enterprise value€1.5B€1.7B€1.9B€2.6B€2.9B€3B€2B€1.6B
Net debt / EBITDA2.14×2.59×4.86×3.8×3.48×1.79×1.61×1.55×
Cash conversion cycle (days)116115117125125929998