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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+10.1%
€345.36
vs €313.80 price
Levered DCF
€411.99
After debt service
Piotroski score
4 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
0.15
Distress zone
Rating
B
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E20.52×20.98×19.78×19.83×22.32×23.64×25.62×23.76×
P/B3.62×3.8×3.53×3.5×3.75×4.14×4.48×4.06×
P/S5.52×5.82×5.59×5.67×6.19×6.87×7.78×6.31×
EV / EBITDA13.47×14.04×13.84×12.94×14.66×14.07×15.54×12.94×
Gross margin67.7%58.3%59.2%80.9%51.6%56.6%59.0%58.1%
Operating margin40.3%40.8%41.6%53.4%38.1%42.5%43.8%39.6%
Net margin26.9%27.7%28.3%28.6%27.7%29.1%30.4%26.6%
Current ratio0.47×1.02×1.01×1.01×1×1.02×1.02×1.01×
Debt / equity0.72×0.89×0.9×0.63×0.88×0.78×0.52×0.56×
Interest coverage19.41×15.63×22.88×33.33×23.54×15.89×23.2×15.13×
Dividend yield1.8%1.7%1.9%2.0%2.0%2.1%1.9%2.3%
Payout ratio36.8%35.8%38.4%39.3%45.5%49.3%49.3%55.0%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity17.6%18.1%17.8%17.6%16.8%17.5%17.5%17.1%
Return on invested capital0.7%7.5%6.8%8.6%5.1%6.0%7.1%4.9%
Return on assets0.7%0.9%0.7%0.6%0.5%0.7%0.7%0.5%
Free cash flow yield6.7%5.0%6.7%7.3%2.6%4.8%2.9%5.8%
Earnings yield4.9%4.8%5.1%5.0%4.5%4.2%3.9%4.2%
Enterprise value€47.3B€48.1B€40.7B€32.9B€30.4B€26.6B€26.2B€18.7B
Net debt / EBITDA1.81×2.1×2.25×1.28×1.63×0.57×0.31×-0.58×
Cash conversion cycle (days)73492196538,25915,3467417611,209