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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+88.8%
€12.42
vs €6.58 price
Levered DCF
€8.74
After debt service
Piotroski score
5 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
4.31
Safe zone
Rating
B
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E25.23×20.13×37.89×48.29×45.78×50.85×29.43×16.5×
P/B2.08×2.72×2.9×3.4×5.77×5.88×6.31×4.76×
P/S1.61×2.09×2.03×2.51×4.72×4.21×3.59×2.6×
EV / EBITDA12.98×11.59×16.86×25.38×26.74×29.22×17.38×11.1×
Gross margin18.5%47.6%20.6%45.9%48.7%47.8%48.7%50.2%
Operating margin8.0%12.8%7.9%5.9%11.8%10.7%16.6%19.7%
Net margin6.4%10.3%5.3%5.2%10.4%8.3%12.2%15.8%
Current ratio3.44×4.8×4.49×4.52×4.48×3.79×3.59×3.17×
Debt / equity0.06×0.01×0.09×0.04×0.03×0.1×0.1×0.08×
Interest coverage11.3×18.01×21.71×38.4×53.16×35.9×72.05×31.62×
Dividend yield4.5%1.5%1.4%2.1%0.9%1.6%1.5%2.0%
Payout ratio113.8%30.3%53.3%100.3%43.2%81.1%43.8%32.7%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity8.2%13.5%7.6%7.0%12.7%11.5%21.4%28.9%
Return on invested capital8.6%13.7%7.8%7.0%11.5%11.3%19.7%26.9%
Return on assets6.2%11.1%5.8%5.6%10.1%8.9%16.2%20.9%
Free cash flow yield1.4%8.0%3.6%-0.8%1.4%1.3%2.1%0.6%
Earnings yield4.0%5.0%2.6%2.1%2.2%2.0%3.4%6.1%
Enterprise value€142.2M€196.5M€198.4M€227.1M€396.5M€324.2M€347.6M€226.1M
Net debt / EBITDA-1.87×-1.64×-1.08×-2.3×-1.86×-1.75×-1.02×-0.9×
Cash conversion cycle (days)188189185230220181145128