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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+371.9%
€23.88
vs €5.06 price
Levered DCF
€21.95
After debt service
Piotroski score
7 / 9
Strong
Altman Z-score
2.93
Grey zone
Rating
A
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E13.55×13.32×14.86×15.86×16×18.8×14.78×15.78×
P/B1.86×2.11×1.94×2.13×2.76×3.3×2×1.59×
P/S0.8×0.86×0.76×0.88×1.2×1.44×0.81×0.68×
EV / EBITDA7.8×7.4×8.2×8.56×8.94×10.47×8.43×9.89×
Gross margin8.2%23.2%22.5%23.1%25.4%26.4%26.1%15.0%
Operating margin8.4%8.9%7.2%7.5%9.4%10.1%7.3%5.8%
Net margin5.9%6.5%5.1%5.6%7.5%7.6%5.4%4.2%
Current ratio1.19×0.9×0.86×0.86×1.01×1×1.01×0.89×
Debt / equity0.51×0.36×0.49×0.45×0.42×0.44×0.53×0.3×
Interest coverage10.41×14.34×10.68×26.51×28.67×34.06×26.51×10.21×
Dividend yield2.7%2.6%3.1%3.0%2.1%1.3%1.8%1.4%
Payout ratio37.1%33.9%45.8%47.0%34.0%25.1%26.3%22.7%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity13.7%15.9%13.1%13.4%17.3%17.5%13.3%9.8%
Return on invested capital9.6%12.4%9.3%9.1%11.7%12.3%9.0%8.0%
Return on assets6.5%8.1%5.9%6.0%8.2%8.8%6.2%5.3%
Free cash flow yield8.1%14.0%11.5%8.7%7.9%11.1%11.4%3.9%
Earnings yield7.4%7.5%6.7%6.3%6.3%5.3%6.7%6.2%
Enterprise value€197.8M€188M€171.5M€168.6M€198.3M€211.2M€128.7M€88.5M
Net debt / EBITDA0.94×0.46×1.19×0.89×0.48×0.52×1.48×1.42×
Cash conversion cycle (days)73436243575081-51