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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+268.6%
€9.14
vs €2.48 price
Levered DCF
€15.51
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
3.6
Safe zone
Rating
A
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E12.11×20.55×12.44×18.41×29.41×25.04×28.53×17.26×
P/B0.62×0.62×1.11×1.92×2.94×2.37×2.03×2.35×
P/S0.37×0.36×0.47×0.68×1.02×0.87×0.62×0.73×
EV / EBITDA3.18×3.95×4.9×8.69×13.69×9.9×10.24×9.35×
Gross margin12.9%44.0%14.1%12.1%12.5%12.0%9.7%41.1%
Operating margin4.1%2.3%5.3%5.3%4.8%5.2%3.1%6.5%
Net margin3.0%1.7%3.8%3.7%3.4%3.5%2.2%4.3%
Current ratio4.78×4.44×4.52×2.6×2.04×2.03×1.55×1.41×
Debt / equity0.09×0.1×0.12×0.28×0.28×0.39×0.56×0.44×
Interest coverage12.78×7.31×18.69×19×22.11×12.15×7×21.47×
Dividend yield2.2%3.5%1.3%0.0%0.4%0.0%1.0%0.9%
Payout ratio26.3%74.1%15.8%0.0%10.5%0.0%29.3%15.9%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity5.1%3.0%8.8%10.4%9.8%9.6%7.1%13.8%
Return on invested capital4.5%2.5%7.8%7.9%7.6%7.2%4.2%10.3%
Return on assets4.0%2.3%6.7%6.6%5.9%5.5%3.5%6.7%
Free cash flow yield5.9%11.4%10.4%2.4%-4.1%10.8%6.8%-6.6%
Earnings yield8.3%4.8%7.9%5.4%3.3%4.1%3.5%5.9%
Enterprise value€16M€16M€34.8M€56.4M€76.3M€55M€49.3M€51.7M
Net debt / EBITDA-1.5×-1.75×-0.83×0.78×1.15×0.66×1.99×1.42×
Cash conversion cycle (days)10312581971058580107