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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+21.2%
€47.23
vs €38.95 price
Levered DCF
€43.70
After debt service
Piotroski score
5 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
1.99
Grey zone
Rating
B+
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E16×18.44×36.74×15.07×22.96×35.82×27.8×17.01×
P/B3.05×3.47×4.26×3.8×9.67×9.53×7.68×5.07×
P/S1.82×1.77×2.02×1.97×5.1×3.86×3.05×2.24×
EV / EBITDA9.44×9.31×12.11×7.24×14.65×19.51×15.35×10.23×
Gross margin33.6%65.0%63.3%64.5%65.8%58.4%54.7%52.4%
Operating margin19.0%18.4%16.1%23.8%31.7%17.2%17.1%18.8%
Net margin11.4%9.6%5.5%13.1%22.2%10.8%11.0%13.2%
Current ratio2.05×1.82×1.6×2.45×3.34×3.01×3.45×2.54×
Debt / equity1.52×1.62×2×0.97×1.17×1.88×1.99×1.21×
Interest coverage4.21×3.71×3.07×17.57×30.3×12.89×10.97×14.21×
Dividend yield2.3%2.3%2.5%5.8%1.0%1.4%1.9%0.0%
Payout ratio36.6%41.6%90.6%87.0%22.6%50.2%53.7%0.0%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity19.1%18.8%11.6%25.3%42.1%26.7%27.7%29.8%
Return on invested capital8.0%7.6%5.5%12.5%16.9%8.4%8.9%12.3%
Return on assets6.0%5.5%2.9%9.5%14.9%7.0%7.4%10.7%
Free cash flow yield6.6%7.8%7.8%12.4%3.9%2.9%2.5%10.4%
Earnings yield6.2%5.4%2.7%6.6%4.4%2.8%3.6%5.9%
Enterprise value€3B€3B€3.2B€2.4B€5.2B€3.6B€2.6B€1.4B
Net debt / EBITDA2.7×2.71×3.47×1.11×1.18×2.67×2.62×0.68×
Cash conversion cycle (days)148249236232243194185139