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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+146.5%
€40.03
vs €16.24 price
Levered DCF
€84.98
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
1.72
Distress zone
Rating
B
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E7.72×14.59×13.2×16.68×33.43×-167×16.97×13.71×
P/B1.19×1.27×1.26×1.95×2.78×2.54×2.04×2.2×
P/S0.38×0.36×0.32×0.51×0.79×0.69×0.54×0.56×
EV / EBITDA6.32×5.53×5.54×6.7×10.21×19.61×7.48×6.65×
Gross margin22.0%21.0%21.7%21.8%23.2%18.2%21.4%22.1%
Operating margin3.8%3.6%4.1%5.0%4.8%0.7%5.0%6.4%
Net margin4.9%2.4%2.4%3.0%2.3%-0.4%3.2%4.1%
Current ratio1.35×1.3×1.18×1.24×1.29×1.19×1.44×1.29×
Debt / equity0.94×1.09×1.31×0.78×0.93×1.13×0.88×0.62×
Interest coverage2.84×2.18×3.14×7.1×3.36×0.63×5.87×8.99×
Dividend yield3.0%3.1%3.3%1.6%0.7%2.4%3.3%3.5%
Payout ratio23.7%47.7%43.3%26.4%25.0%-399.4%55.8%48.5%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity15.3%8.3%9.6%11.7%8.3%-1.5%12.0%16.1%
Return on invested capital5.5%3.2%4.1%7.1%5.2%0.9%6.8%10.3%
Return on assets4.3%2.0%2.2%2.9%2.0%-0.4%3.2%4.3%
Free cash flow yield16.9%17.4%11.5%7.5%6.4%7.1%4.4%4.2%
Earnings yield12.9%6.6%7.6%6.0%3.0%-0.6%5.9%7.3%
Enterprise value€1.9B€2B€2B€2.3B€3.1B€2.6B€2.3B€2.1B
Net debt / EBITDA0.99×1.34×1.39×0.45×1.13×1.96×0.78×-0.15×
Cash conversion cycle (days)12011211911613510810097