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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+162.5%
€283.52
vs €108.00 price
Levered DCF
-€319.67
After debt service
Piotroski score
5 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
-0.52
Distress zone
Rating
C
Overall 2 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E12.49×8.29×5.39×6.19×9.92×13.55×10.39×6.92×
P/B1.85×1.07×0.72×0.66×0.98×0.61×0.92×0.86×
P/S2.11×1.1×0.69×0.93×1.91×1.19×1.47×1.34×
EV / EBITDA15.35×6.24×1.59×0.04×-3.27×-5.41×6×3.15×
Gross margin56.0%48.5%45.7%61.4%82.5%80.0%74.7%74.5%
Operating margin26.9%22.2%21.2%23.5%31.9%15.3%24.0%26.9%
Net margin17.5%13.9%13.3%15.8%20.9%8.7%15.1%19.3%
Current ratio2×0.18×0.22×0.24×0.27×0.25×0.15×0.21×
Debt / equity3.33×2.27×2.05×1.89×1.82×1.8×1.98×2.07×
Interest coverage0.61×0.43×0.39×0.61×1.82×0.76×0.95×1.06×
Dividend yield3.2%4.9%5.6%5.9%4.3%1.1%4.6%4.6%
Payout ratio38.3%38.9%29.0%34.8%39.3%14.6%45.1%31.7%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity15.4%13.5%13.8%11.2%10.7%4.5%9.4%12.5%
Return on invested capital1.2%3.9%4.5%-2.6%3.7%1.6%3.1%-2.7%
Return on assets1.0%0.9%0.9%0.7%0.6%0.3%0.6%0.8%
Free cash flow yield10.1%-144.5%13.2%-72.8%61.6%225.2%-47.4%-27.8%
Earnings yield8.3%12.6%19.2%17.0%10.9%7.4%10.3%14.5%
Enterprise value€90.6B€34.6B€8.6B€134M-€11.6B-€10.7B€18.4B€9.6B
Net debt / EBITDA8.2×1.77×-1.29×-3.31×-8.25×-10.78×1.33×-0.9×
Cash conversion cycle (days)24342-2,264855553-3,816