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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+32.5%
€32.72
vs €24.70 price
Levered DCF
€10.55
After debt service
Piotroski score
5 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
0.72
Distress zone
Rating
A
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2018FY2017
P/E11.33×6.75×-43.53×5.95×9.51×13.9×14.16×22.21×
P/B0.65×0.57×0.59×0.58×0.51×0.37×0.55×0.83×
P/S4.97×4.39×4.5×4.93×4.19×2.99×4.5×7.1×
EV / EBITDA11.04×10.05×81.35×9.02×14.81×15.95×23.22×23.99×
Gross margin66.7%73.3%70.9%75.5%73.3%79.5%81.0%81.0%
Operating margin64.2%105.7%28.0%65.3%57.9%63.1%62.9%57.3%
Net margin43.9%65.1%-10.3%82.9%44.0%21.5%31.8%32.0%
Current ratio0.25×0.39×0.32×0.44×0.53×0.49×1.37×0.29×
Debt / equity0.73×0.75×0.78×0.74×0.84×0.93×1×0.9×
Interest coverage3.46×5.4×1.51×3.98×3.44×0×3.33×3.16×
Dividend yield5.1%6.0%6.3%6.5%2.5%8.9%8.8%4.7%
Payout ratio57.2%40.2%-276.0%39.0%23.6%124.2%124.5%104.5%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2018FY2017
Return on equity5.8%8.5%-1.3%9.8%5.3%2.7%3.9%3.7%
Return on invested capital2.6%6.2%2.0%3.4%2.8%-1.6%3.4%2.4%
Return on assets3.0%4.5%-0.7%5.1%2.6%1.2%1.8%1.8%
Free cash flow yield6.0%5.3%7.5%6.9%7.1%2.4%4.5%0.3%
Earnings yield8.8%14.8%-2.3%16.8%10.5%7.2%7.1%4.5%
Enterprise value€2.9B€2.7B€2.7B€2.7B€2.6B€2.4B€2.9B€3.3B
Net debt / EBITDA5.73×5.64×45.78×4.96×9.12×11.26×14.78×12.4×
Cash conversion cycle (days)-80-60-38-4116789-100-389