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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
-328.2%
-€11.05
vs €4.84 price
Levered DCF
-€16.62
After debt service
Piotroski score
5 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
0.8
Distress zone
Rating
B+
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E14×16.26×19.52×15.03×16.66×15.64×14.54×21.29×
P/B1.43×1.11×1.6×2.07×2.04×2.03×1.59×1.23×
P/S1.04×0.86×1.14×0.89×1.27×1.56×0.98×0.72×
EV / EBITDA7.71×6.11×7.49×8.06×9.15×8.8×7.91×8.18×
Gross margin19.3%45.9%35.9%24.3%26.3%34.0%30.1%27.1%
Operating margin19.3%12.4%28.4%11.3%9.9%12.8%12.4%67.5%
Net margin7.4%5.4%5.9%5.9%7.7%9.9%6.8%3.4%
Current ratio1.15×0.4×0.91×0.88×1.19×1.06×0.95×0.79×
Debt / equity2.08×1.99×1.96×2.49×1.96×1.85×2×1.87×
Interest coverage2.4×1.59×3.91×2.15×2.21×2.01×2.06×13.4×
Dividend yield5.1%6.3%4.3%4.1%3.9%3.6%4.9%6.2%
Payout ratio71.9%101.3%83.1%61.4%64.7%56.3%71.4%133.0%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity10.1%6.9%8.2%13.7%12.4%12.8%10.9%5.8%
Return on invested capital4.2%2.4%7.1%3.9%2.9%3.4%3.9%25.7%
Return on assets2.1%1.4%1.7%2.1%2.3%2.9%2.3%1.2%
Free cash flow yield-10.3%-10.2%-17.4%1.5%-7.0%0.2%-0.9%11.1%
Earnings yield7.1%6.2%5.1%6.6%6.1%6.3%6.9%4.7%
Enterprise value€35.9B€32.2B€37.8B€35.6B€34.1B€34.2B€30.2B€26B
Net debt / EBITDA4.23×3.67×3.82×3.9×4.04×3.81×4.23×4.7×
Cash conversion cycle (days)981185254701013738