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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+83.3%
€284.09
vs €155.00 price
Levered DCF
€352.24
After debt service
Piotroski score
5 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
1.57
Distress zone
Rating
S-
Overall 5 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E8.39×5.58×7.63×13.03×13.7×23.84×16.12×12.61×
P/B1.96×1.43×1.5×1.71×2.16×2.43×2.32×1.79×
P/S1.06×0.59×0.43×0.55×0.93×1.14×1.1×0.97×
EV / EBITDA3.85×2.79×3.34×3.88×4.94×5.05×5.18×4.16×
Gross margin16.1%26.5%14.3%15.4%29.7%33.7%31.1%34.9%
Operating margin11.9%13.7%7.2%5.7%9.6%9.1%11.2%12.7%
Net margin12.6%10.6%5.6%4.3%6.8%4.8%6.9%7.7%
Current ratio1.8×1.67×1.46×1.38×1.47×1.3×1.25×1.22×
Debt / equity0.02×0.01×0.03×0.11×0.02×0.06×0.06×0.01×
Interest coverage772.31×577.19×67.33×355.95×306.55×118.72×392.87×595.73×
Dividend yield5.9%7.4%2.7%5.8%4.2%4.6%4.2%6.9%
Payout ratio49.9%41.0%20.3%75.7%57.2%109.2%67.6%86.5%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity23.4%25.7%19.7%13.2%15.8%10.2%14.5%14.2%
Return on invested capital6.4%9.2%6.2%3.9%4.3%2.7%4.0%4.3%
Return on assets7.5%7.1%4.6%2.7%3.1%2.1%3.1%3.1%
Free cash flow yield12.1%15.1%-7.1%9.8%8.3%4.8%2.5%8.7%
Earnings yield11.9%17.9%13.1%7.7%7.3%4.2%6.3%7.9%
Enterprise value€1.1B€690.1M€597M€509.6M€679.7M€769.6M€765.9M€570.5M
Net debt / EBITDA-0.83×-0.6×-0.65×-1.57×-0.92×-0.5×-0.54×-0.72×
Cash conversion cycle (days)797965-11-78-687-128