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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
-912.0%
-€1,057.19
vs €130.20 price
Levered DCF
-€1,024.10
After debt service
Piotroski score
5 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
0.85
Distress zone
Rating
C+
Overall 2 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E19.91×13.7×25.63×27.67×28.8×26.74×20.24×12.41×
P/B1.44×1.04×1.82×2.05×2.06×1.93×1.55×1.01×
P/S2.47×1.53×2.17×2.61×3.12×3.03×2.3×1.8×
EV / EBITDA10.78×12.07×13.44×12.62×13.99×14.67×12.05×10.76×
Gross margin29.9%44.4%40.3%5.9%12.0%18.3%25.3%49.0%
Operating margin35.8%23.3%16.8%5.1%11.1%17.4%28.1%29.0%
Net margin13.2%12.0%9.2%10.0%11.6%12.2%12.2%14.5%
Current ratio1.22×0.91×0.67×0.89×0.9×0.75×0.41×0.64×
Debt / equity2.4×2.68×2.28×1.99×2.22×2.5×2.15×2.04×
Interest coverage4.44×3.18×3.56×1.56×2.55×2.59×4.33×4.61×
Dividend yield1.2%3.0%1.9%1.5%1.7%2.0%2.4%2.8%
Payout ratio22.1%39.0%44.1%38.7%46.3%50.2%45.8%35.1%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity7.7%8.1%7.8%7.8%7.7%7.8%8.2%8.2%
Return on invested capital4.4%2.8%2.9%0.9%1.5%2.0%3.9%4.0%
Return on assets1.8%1.8%1.8%1.7%1.6%1.8%1.9%2.0%
Free cash flow yield-23.4%-60.2%-45.9%-1.1%34.8%-27.0%-21.0%-13.6%
Earnings yield5.3%7.8%4.3%3.8%3.7%4.0%5.3%8.1%
Enterprise value€25.1B€18.7B€17.4B€14.5B€13.5B€14.8B€11.3B€8.7B
Net debt / EBITDA6.07×8.34×7×4.4×5.73×8.03×6.56×6.46×
Cash conversion cycle (days)-142-222-149-10-41-50-33-136