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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+79.5%
€42.60
vs €23.74 price
Levered DCF
€29.40
After debt service
Piotroski score
8 / 9
Strong
Altman Z-score
1.37
Distress zone
Rating
B+
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E15.45×13.22×16.72×15.7×29.84×1,117.21×29.37×41.57×
P/B1.49×1.24×1.26×0.99×1.13×1.07×1.38×1.18×
P/S1.18×0.97×1.02×0.84×1.11×1.07×1.24×1.08×
EV / EBITDA5.62×5.1×5.67×6.04×6.93×7.79×7.25×7.51×
Gross margin46.7%32.9%32.9%43.8%43.4%41.5%29.9%29.8%
Operating margin12.9%13.0%11.5%11.5%9.1%6.5%10.7%9.4%
Net margin7.6%7.4%6.1%5.3%3.7%0.1%4.3%2.6%
Current ratio0.81×0.82×0.83×0.9×0.91×0.77×0.8×0.86×
Debt / equity1.08×1.19×1.22×1.23×1.25×1.38×1.35×1.25×
Interest coverage4.09×3.76×3.48×4.38×2.99×2.1×2.7×2.76×
Dividend yield1.9%2.3%1.4%1.0%0.0%0.0%2.0%2.4%
Payout ratio28.7%30.0%23.5%16.4%0.0%0.0%57.2%98.5%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity9.6%9.4%7.6%6.3%3.8%0.1%4.8%2.9%
Return on invested capital5.5%5.2%4.2%4.1%2.6%0.2%3.6%2.7%
Return on assets3.8%3.6%2.8%2.4%1.4%0.0%1.7%1.1%
Free cash flow yield9.7%12.7%11.4%10.0%9.2%9.4%8.8%6.5%
Earnings yield6.5%7.6%6.0%6.3%3.4%0.1%3.5%2.4%
Enterprise value€9.4B€8.1B€7.9B€6.9B€7B€6.7B€7.9B€6.8B
Net debt / EBITDA2.23×2.29×2.54×3.22×3.56×4.3×3.51×3.76×
Cash conversion cycle (days)42484755106605859