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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+70.2%
€56.61
vs €33.26 price
Levered DCF
€55.69
After debt service
Piotroski score
5 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
2.82
Grey zone
Rating
B+
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E17.72×18.74×17.89×21.23×25.17×21.89×25.92×18.59×
P/B4.84×5.22×5.2×6.36×7.24×6.07×6.85×5.22×
P/S2.68×3.06×3.08×3.72×4.34×3.79×4.27×3.21×
EV / EBITDA9.88×10.69×10.55×12.55×14.17×12.12×13.72×10.85×
Gross margin65.2%64.2%62.5%61.5%61.8%62.3%62.4%61.5%
Operating margin20.5%22.2%21.9%22.1%21.5%0.0%21.1%21.5%
Net margin15.2%16.4%17.2%17.6%17.2%17.3%16.4%17.2%
Current ratio1.08×0.82×0.98×1.01×1.34×1.31×1.16×0.94×
Debt / equity1.36×1.22×1.06×1.09×1.11×1.21×1.08×1.02×
Interest coverage10.94×12.58×17.22×33.79×33×0×13.47×15.76×
Dividend yield6.3%5.4%5.1%4.1%3.6%4.1%3.6%4.5%
Payout ratio111.5%100.4%91.6%87.7%90.5%90.2%92.3%83.3%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity27.3%27.9%29.1%30.0%28.7%27.7%26.4%28.0%
Return on invested capital12.2%13.2%14.3%14.3%13.4%0.0%12.9%13.9%
Return on assets9.7%10.7%12.0%12.1%11.3%10.8%10.8%11.8%
Free cash flow yield6.8%5.1%5.1%4.0%3.9%4.9%4.1%4.8%
Earnings yield5.6%5.3%5.6%4.7%4.0%4.6%3.8%5.4%
Enterprise value€7.6B€8.2B€8B€9.2B€9.9B€8.4B€9.1B€6.9B
Net debt / EBITDA1.97×1.92×1.72×1.74×1.75×1.74×1.79×1.67×
Cash conversion cycle (days)-8745424635313534